Post hoc ergo propter hoc

What it is

Assumes that because one event followed another, the first caused the second.

Example "I wore my lucky socks and we won, so the socks did it."

Correlation implies causation fallacy
Both infer cause too cheaply: post hoc from timing, correlation from co-occurrence.
Narrative fallacy bias
We link events in a tidy causal story, which post hoc reasoning then treats as explanation.
Apophenia bias
Seeing a causal link between two unconnected events is apophenia, the perception of meaning in coincidence.
Fallacy of the single cause fallacy
Post hoc picks out one earlier event as the cause, and single-cause thinking ignores the other contributors.
Regression to the mean bias
An extreme result followed by a normal one invites a causal story about what we did in between, when it was only chance.